Germany’s Multi-Faceted Approach to RSV Surveillance and Prevention Shows Early Promise
BERLIN, 22 January 2026 – Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections and associated hospitalisations globally, particularly among infants, young children, and older adults. In Germany, a robust network of surveillance systems tracks the virus’s epidemiology, while recent advancements in immunisation products offer new hope for reducing the significant disease burden. This article explores the current state of RSV in Germany, the available prevention tools, and the ongoing challenges.
The Burden of RSV in Germany
RSV is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. While most infections cause mild, cold-like symptoms, the virus can lead to severe complications such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in vulnerable populations. In Germany, RSV is a major contributor to paediatric hospitalisations during the winter months. The virus also poses a significant risk to older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions, such as cardiopulmonary diseases or compromised immune systems.
Germany’s RSV Surveillance Landscape
Germany employs a comprehensive and multi-layered approach to RSV surveillance, utilising various data sources to monitor the virus’s activity and impact. This integrated system allows for a more complete understanding of RSV epidemiology and informs public health responses.
| Surveillance System | Description |
|---|---|
| Robert Koch Institute (RKI) Sentinel Surveillance | Network of physician practices reporting acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultations and testing samples for RSV and other pathogens. |
| RKI ICOSARI (Hospital-Based Surveillance) | Monitors severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) requiring hospitalisation, including RSV cases. |
| German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI) Reporting | Collects data on hospitalised RSV cases among children from participating paediatric hospitals. |
| RespVir/Clinical Virology Network | Network of laboratories across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland reporting diagnostic data on respiratory viruses, including RSV. |
| Nationwide RSV Notification (since 2023) | Mandatory reporting of laboratory-confirmed RSV cases to public health authorities, based on the Infection Protection Act. |
| Hospital Statistics (Federal Statistical Office) | Administrative data on all hospitalisations, including those with RSV-related diagnoses (using ICD-10 codes). |
New Prevention Tools: Nirsevimab and Vaccines
The landscape of RSV prevention has been transformed by the recent introduction of effective immunisation products. In June 2024, Germany’s Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) issued a recommendation for the use of nirsevimab (brand name Beyfortus), a long-acting monoclonal antibody, for all newborns and infants to protect them during their first RSV season. Nirsevimab is administered as a single injection and provides immediate passive immunity against RSV.
For older adults, two RSV vaccines have been authorised by the European Medicines Agency (EMA): Arexvy (GSK) and Abrysvo (Pfizer). These vaccines are designed to prevent lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV. While STIKO has not yet issued a general recommendation for these adult vaccines, they are available for individual use based on shared clinical decision-making between patients and healthcare providers.
Early Impact and Challenges
Initial data from the 2024/2025 RSV season suggests that nirsevimab has been effective in reducing RSV-associated hospitalisations among infants. A study published in October 2025 reported a significant decline in RSV incidence in this age group following the introduction of nirsevimab prophylaxis. However, challenges remain, including ensuring broad access and acceptance of these new tools. A cross-sectional survey from the 2024/2025 season found that only 40.5% of parents agreed to nirsevimab administration for their newborns, highlighting the need for enhanced educational efforts to address vaccine hesitancy.
Conclusion
Germany’s comprehensive RSV surveillance system provides valuable insights into the virus’s epidemiology and impact. The recent introduction of nirsevimab for infants and vaccines for older adults represents a major step forward in preventing severe RSV disease. While early data is promising, ongoing efforts are needed to improve uptake, ensure equitable access, and continue monitoring the effectiveness of these new prevention tools. As the 2025/2026 RSV season progresses, close attention will be paid to the evolving landscape of RSV prevention and control in Germany.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is RSV?
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. However, it can be serious for infants, young children, and older adults, leading to bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
How does nirsevimab work?
Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that provides passive immunity against RSV. It is given as a single injection and offers immediate protection for infants during their first RSV season.
Who is recommended to get nirsevimab?
STIKO recommends nirsevimab for all newborns and infants to protect them during their first RSV season.
Are there RSV vaccines for adults?
Yes, two RSV vaccines (Arexvy and Abrysvo) have been authorised by the EMA for adults aged 60 and over. However, STIKO has not yet issued a general recommendation for their use.
How can I protect my child from RSV?
Besides nirsevimab, good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and keeping surfaces clean can help reduce the spread of RSV.